This blog is inspired by an article written by Salim Mansur,
Distinguished Senior Fellow at the Gatestone Institute: Arab and Muslim
Antisemitism: a Muslim Perspective. You can find the article in its
entirety together with the references used here. While I have added to,
and subtracted from, the article to fashion a more accessible
perspective, the core ideas and many words in this piece remain the
intellectual property of Mr Mansur.
"Judgment Day will be
brought upon us only once the Muslims have killed all of the Jews," – Third
Intifada Facebook page, 2013.
"Among the Jews, there
have always been those who killed God's prophets. ... it was said that they
were the source for such deadly diseases as the plague and typhus. This is
because the Jews are very filthy people. For a time, people also said that they
poisoned water wells belonging to the Christians and thus killed them." -
former Ahmadinejad’s media advisor, Mohammad Ali Ramin, June 9, 2006.
"One should fight the
Jews and vanquish them so that the conditions for the advent of the Hidden Imam
will be met." - Ayatollah Nouri-Hamedani, April, 2005.
“[Muslim]Palestine is under occupation; the basic rights of the
Palestinian {Muslims] are tragically violated, and they are deprived of the
right of return and access to their homes, birthplace and homeland.” currrent
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, 25 September, 2013.
While those most forceful in
spewing their bigotry against Jews are Palestinian Arabs and their religious,
political and intellectual leaders, much of the modern antecedents to this
olden hatred can be sheeted home to the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin
al-Husseini, as Hitler's collaborator in importing European anti-Semitism into
the Middle East.
The Mufti's ideology of
hate-mongering against the Jews and the Zionist project has been emulated by an
array of other leading Arab and Muslim intellectuals, activists, and religious
leaders. These include Hasan al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood;
Syed Qutb, the intellectual heavyweight of the Muslim Brothers; Sheikh Ahmed
Yassin, the late founder of Hamas; the rulers and imams of Saudi Arabia; Abul
A'la Mawdudi, the Indo-Pakistani founder of the Jamaat-i-Islami; Iranian
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, current Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and,
notably, the current Iranian president Hassan Rouhani.
Virulent European-style
anti-semitism is also emulated by the leaders of Hizbullah in Lebanon, the
leadership and ranks of other "jihadi" (holy war) organizations, such
as the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and non-clerical or secular Muslim
leaders like Mahathir Mohamad, the former prime minister of Malaysia. Clearly,
the front of Muslim anti-Semitism is wide and deep. But is this genocidally
inspired hate sanctioned by Islam? For this we need to turn to the source.
All texts are open to many
readings.
Reading the Bible was one of
the triggers of the struggle Martin Luther initiated as he declared defiantly,
"Here I stand." In other words, the stand he took was in reading and
interpreting the Bible according to his intelligence and conscience – contrary
to that of the Vatican.
Reading the Quran, it
quickly becomes clear that the hate-speech of Muslim clerics and the on-going
Muslim vilification of Jews has its roots in the theology of Islam.
Mohammad’s relationship with
Jews was always a quarrelsome one. Born in approximately 517 C.E. in Mecca,
then the leading religious centre of pagan Arabia, Mohammad was approximately forty years old when he became
convinced that God had spoken to him through the angel Gabriel.
Jews, with their monotheistic
beliefs, had lived in and around Mecca, which was located on a route that
linked Yemen in the south of the Arab peninsula, to Egypt and Damascus in the
North, for centuries. While some historians say that Jews lived in the region even
before the destruction of the first Temple, others say that Jews only settled
the peninsula after the destruction of the second Temple. In any event, all
agree that the Jews were the majority of the population in that area at the time
of Mohammad and were organized into three tribes: Banu el nadir, Banu Kurayza
and Banu Kaynuqa; the first two mentioned being descendants of the priests.
Ostracised and persecuted by
his Arab brethren in Mecca for his monotheistic beliefs, Mohammad fled to Medina, a city which had
been settled by Jews centuries before his arrival.
When the Jewish leaders of Medina first heard of the
coming of a prophet preaching belief in one God in the Arabian peninsula, they
were intrigued. They did not immediately accept or reject Mohammad, but they
wanted to know more. Relations began to deteriorate as the Jews discovered
Muhammad was not very familiar with their scriptures and traditions. The rabbis
would taunt him with questions he could not answer, and in the end, they
rejected his message that he was a Jewish prophet.
The Jews' rejection of
Muhammad's message must have disappointed him greatly. He saw himself preaching
the same monotheism to which the Jews subscribed - why then wouldn't they
accept him as a prophet?
To establish his affinity
with the Jews, he even borrowed some Jewish practices and prescribed them to
his followers. Thus, Muslims were to meet for prayer on Friday afternoon as Jews
prepare for the Sabbath, they were to face Jerusalem in prayer as Jews do, they
were to observe some of the Jewish dietary laws, as well as the fast on the Day
of Atonement. Muslims called this the fast of Ashura, meaning
"tenth," (Asara in Hebrew) since the Day of Atonement falls on the
tenth of the Jewish month of Tishri. When the Jews rejected his prophecy in
spite of these practices, Muhammad changed them, and fixed the qibla (direction
of prayer) to Mecca in place of Jerusalem.
According to the Quran,
Muhammad is then said to have received the following revelation:
Say to those who disbelieve:
"You will be vanquished and gathered to Hell, an evil resting place. You
have already had a sign in the two forces which met"; i.e. the apostle's
companions at Badr and the Quraysh. "One force fought in the way of God;
the other, disbelievers, thought they saw double their own force with their
very eyes. God strengthens with His help whom He will. Verily in that is an
example for the discerning." (Qur'an, 3:12-13)
Thus, after settling in
Medina, about five hundred kilometres further north of Mecca, and after his
revelations by the angel Gabriel in a cave, his rejection by the Jews of Medina
as a Jewish prophet, meant that as his influence in the region grew, he meted
out harsh punishment for two of the three Jewish tribes of Medina whom he
“subdued” and exiled.
For the destruction of the
third Jewish tribe in Medina, Mohammad now received a further angelic
revelation directing him to attack the Jewish Bnei Quraiza tribe of Medina:
When the Prophet returned
from Al-Khandaq (i.e. Trench) and laid down his arms and took a bath, Gabriel
came and said (to the Prophet ), "You have laid down your arms? By Allah,
we angels have not laid them down yet. So set out for them." The Prophet
said, "Where to go?" Gabriel said, "Towards this side,"
pointing towards Banu Quraiza. So the Prophet went out towards them.
After their defeat and
capture for the transgression of not physically supporting him against the
pagan Arab Meccans who were attacking him, Muhammad went to the market in
Medina and dug trenches. Then the men of the Jewish Quraiza tribe were brought
out in batches, and Muhammad and his followers cut off their heads. According
to Ibn Ishaq (690), the number of dead ranged between 600 and 900. Afterwards
Muhammad divided their property, their women, and their children among his
followers.
And it is now that the
following hadith (report of the teachings, deeds and sayings of Mohammad), one
of the most widely quoted today to justify anti-Semitic hatred, was attributed
to the man:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The last hour would not come
unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them
until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a
tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come
and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say, for it is the tree of the
Jews. (Sahih Muslim, 41:6985; see also 41:6981-84 and Sahih Bukhari,
4:52:176,177 and 4:56:791)
Mohammad next marched on the
rich Jewish settlement of Khaybar defeating them, taking their wealth and
forcing them to pay jizya (tax) so that “… they might feel themselves subdued”.
Thus, Mohammad engaged in
the practice of beheading his enemies, as well as forcing large-scale exile.
That same Muslim tradition is verifiably followed today by some of today's
Arab/Muslim terrorists who claim to follow the prophet. Today, however, there
is a name for forced large-scale exile. It is called ethnic cleansing. And
there is a name for the extermination of an entire tribe. Civilised societies
call it genocide, not a revelation from “god”.
This tradition of violence
against, and vilification of, Jews is, arguably, continued from the days of
Mohammad through to today.
Sheikh Mohamed Sayyid
Tantawi – the former Grand Imam and rector of al-Azhar University, who died in
2010, is an example of a contemporary Muslim anti-Semite who validated his
bigotry by appealing to traditional Muslim Judeophobia based on negative
references to the Jews in the Quran and the traditions of the Prophet.
Tantawi's reading of the
Quran ascribes to the Jews a slew of unflattering characteristics, including
wanton envy, lasciviousness, religious fanaticism, murderousness, and a
tendency toward "semantic bickering." Using a phrase referring to a
verse in the Quran (2:65), in a 2002 sermon, Tantawi describes Jews,
collectively, as “descendants of apes and pigs” and accuses Jews of corrupting
Allah's word, consuming people's wealth and murdering Allah's prophets.
This is one way in which
such references to the Quran and early Muslim history facilitated the
Islamization of European anti-Semitism. This could occur because
Judeophobia/anti-semitism was present in early Islamic history, just as it was
in early European history. Genocidal anti-Semitism, however, remained a
specifically European, primarily German, disease that never existed in Islam
before the twentieth century.
Together with that, it
should be remembered that the modern fusion of traditional Muslim Judeophobia
and fierce European anti-Semitism occurred during the years between the World
Wars, when the victors of World War I were precariously positioned in the
Middle East as the "Mandatory" powers, in the terminology of the
League of Nations, while the former subjects of the Ottoman Empire restlessly
aspired to their own independence and statehood.
With the abolition of the
Caliphate by Turkish leader Kamal Atatturk, Muslims now faced the problem not
only of how to acquire eventual independence from European colonial rule, but
also of how to restore the Caliphate in some form or other, to create a
Shariah-based, Islamic state. These questions became the distinguishing
features of political Islam, or Islamism, and the ideology of political
movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood.
But more than that, the
modern antecedents of Arab/Muslim antisemitism and genocidal declarations of
war may be attributed to Muslim distress over the long decline of Islamic rule
and the loss of lands to European powers, and, especially among Arabs, the
partition of Palestine, and the birth of Israel.
The establishment of the
state of Israel, in the very centre of the Arab core of the Islamic world, the
inclusion of the ancient Jewish city of Jerusalem and the repeated defeats
suffered by Arabs in their wars against the Jews created a sense of
insufferable and deep humiliation that find expression in the vilest
denunciation of the Jews as enemies of Islam and Muslims.
Most of all, the sense of
outrage, as is clearly shown in the modern Arab/Muslim anti-semitism, was
aroused by the identity of those who inflicted these dramatic defeats on Muslim
and Arab armies and imposed their rule on Muslim Arab populations.
For the victors were not the
followers of a world religion, or the armies of a mighty imperial power, by
which one could be conquered without undue shame – nor the Catholic kings of
Spain, not the far-flung British Empire, nor the immense and ruthless might of
Russia – but the Jews - historically few, scattered, and powerless, whose
previous humility made their triumphs especially humiliating.
This recent history partly
explains the nature of contemporary Arab and Muslim anti-Semitism, which
continues to be ratcheted up in inverse relation to the repeated failures by
Arabs to defeat Israel and Israel’s continued success in all fields of human
endeavour and compassion.
The current pretext of the Israeli-"Palestinian" conflict is nothing but a proxy war by the nation of Islam in retaliation against Jews for losing both an international legal decision in the 1947 Partition Plan and losing physical wars in 1948, 1967 and 1973. And those non-Muslim enablers in Europe's organisations are but modern antisemites espousing a long-held Islamic Quranic interpretation which discriminates against Jews.
Together with current
seismic politico-cultural shifts in the Arab Muslim world due to a very violent
unravelling of the Sykes-Picot agreement of 1915, the continuing discord over
the nature of Islamic society and the sectarian conflicts that have spilled
over into civil war across the Middle East and into the wider Muslim world have
fostered an unwillingness on the part of Muslims worldwide to examine any
internal causes for their malaise.
It has created a culture of
denial that by now is a part of Muslim culture and history that manifests
itself by a Muslim refusal to take responsibility for their own role in
history, and leads to a pathological proclivity to blame others – especially
the Jews – for misfortunes that are really of their own making.
Thus, just as a few drops of
lemon juice curdle a bowl of milk, Judeophobia sanctioned by the Quran and the
Prophet would mean that Islam as a religion of peace/mercy is, arguably, a
falsehood.
The words of Bernard Lewis
in 1984 in his book The Jews of Islam remain as poignant today as when they
were originally written:
“Islamists have shredded
their "thin veneer of Islam" and displayed their "jihad" as
a neo-pagan belief in a capricious tribal god governing a cult of violence. It
was from such a pagan belief that Muhammad sought to lift the Arabs of the
desert by having Islam bear the universal message of belief in one God,
merciful and compassionate; but it is precisely this pagan cult of tribal
violence that Islamists have resurrected or which, it might be said, they never
really renounced.”
On this basis, it is easy to
see why John Kerry’s “messianical” mission to bring peace to the Middle East
was always going to fail and how the narrative of the bigoted
Palestinian/Muslim/Arab religious, political and intellectual leadership will
continue to perpetuate the cycle of violence against Jews in or out of Israel.
The Quran makes it so.